Alice Freeman Palmer and Higher Education for Women

Known for: president of Wellesley College, noted essay on why women should attend college. Dates: February 21, 1855 - December 6, 1902 Also known as: Alice Elvira Freeman, Alice Freeman Alice Freeman Parker was known not only for her innovative and dedicated work for higher education in her capacity as president of Wellesley College, but for her advocacy of a position somewhere between women being educated to be the equals of men, and women being educated primarily for traditional womens roles.  She firmly believed that women need to be of service to humanity, and that education furthered their ability to do so.  She also recognized that women would be unlikely to do so in traditional male occupations, but could work not only in the home to educate another generation, but in social service work, teaching, and other occupations that played a role in creating a new future. Her speech on Why Go to College? was addressed to young girls and their parents, giving them reasons for girls to be educated.  She also wrote poetry. Excerpt from Why Go to College?: Our American girls themselves are becoming aware that they need the stimulus, the discipline, the knowledge, the interests of the college in addition to the school, if they are to prepare themselves for the most serviceable lives.But there are still parents who say, â€Å"There is no need that my daughter should teach; then why should she go to college?† I will not reply that college training is a life insurance for a girl, a pledge that she possesses the disciplined ability to earn a living for herself and others in case of need, for I prefer to insist on the importance of giving every girl, no matter what her present circumstances, a special training in some one thing by which she can render society service, not amateur but of an expert sort, and service too for which it will be willing to pay a price.   Background Born Alice Elvira Freeman, she grew up in small town New York.  Her fathers family came from early New York settlers, and her mothers father had served with General Washington. James Warren Freeman,  her father, took on medical school, learning to be a physician when Alice was seven, and Elizabeth Higley Freeman, Alices mother, supported the family while he studied. Alice started school at four, having learned to read at three. She was a star student, and was admitted to Windsor Academy, a school for boys and girls. She became engaged to a teacher at the school when she was only fourteen. When he left to study at Yale Divinity School, she decided that she, too, wanted an education, and so she broke the engagement so that she could enter college. She was admitted to the University of Michigan on trial, though she had failed the entrance exams. She combined work and school for seven years to gain her B.A. She took a position teaching in Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, after she completed her degree. She had only been out of school a year when Wellesley first invited her to become a math instructor, and she declined. She moved to Saginaw, Michigan, and became a teacher and then the principal of a high school there. Wellesley invited her again, this time to teach Greek. But with her father losing his fortune, and her sister ill, she chose to remain in Saginaw and help support her family. In 1879, Wellesley invited her a third time. This time, they offered her a position at the head of the history department. She began her work there in 1879. She became vice president of the college and acting president in 1881, and in 1882 became president. In her six years as president at Wellesley, she significantly strengthened its academic position. She also helped found the organization that later became the American Association of University Women, and served several terms as president. She was in that office when the AAUW issued a report in 1885 debunking misinformation about the ill effects of education on women. In late 1887, Alice Freeman married George Herbert Palmer, a philosophy professor at Harvard. She resigned as president of Wellesley, but joined the board of trustees, where she continued to support the college until her death. She was suffering from tuberculosis, and her resignation as president allowed her to spend some time recovering. She then took up a career in public speaking, often addressing the importance of higher education for women. She became a member of the Massachusetts State Board of Education and worked for legislation that promoted education. In 1891--2, she served as a manager for the Massachusetts exhibit at the Worlds Columbian Exposition in Chicago. From 1892 to 1895, she took a position with the University of Chicago as dean of women, as the university expanded the female student body. President William Rainey Harper, who wanted her in this position because of her reputation which he believed would draw women students, permitted her to take the position and be in residence for only twelve weeks each year. She was permitted to appoint her own subdean to take care of immediate matters. When women had established themselves more firmly among the students at the University, Palmer resigned so that someone who could serve more actively could be appointed. Back in Massachusetts, she worked to bring Radcliffe College into formal association with Harvard University. She served in many voluntary roles in higher education. In 1902, while in Paris with her husband on a vacation, she had an operation for an intestinal condition, and died afterwards of heart failure, only 47 years old.

Social Psychology And Multiculturalism - 1644 Words

Psychology has become an integrated part of our real life. Psychology affects life under different theories and identifications. For example, social psychology and multiculturalism work together to create the social change people aspire to. However, social psychology, according to Jahoda (2016), cannot explain the link between the social behavior and the social norms of the society and culture. Hence, social psychology could be a challenge when a person tries other cultures. Furthermore, there are ethical-related issues with theories of psychology that aim at creating positive social change wrapped by multiculturalism. Being an international student in a different country, I see multiculturalism a very evolving term in social psychology†¦show more content†¦Cognitive Psychology focuses on cognitive aids psychologists use to deal with any issue. It investigates all aspects of cognition-memory, thinking, reasoning, language, decision making, and so on (Baron Kalsher, 2008 p. 11). To solve a problem using the cognitive aspect, psychologists need to explore peoples attitudes, beliefs, thoughts, perceptions, and storing and recalling information at certain times. For example, as a social worker, I have different needy people to process their papers and help them with monthly benefits; therefore, I have to make a judgment about them based on the information sent to the brain to process. Cognitive Psychology includes cognitive dissonance theory, which creates harmony among people. More importantly, when people are under a dissonance behavior, they behave differently. The function of Cognitive Psychology is reducing ones inner psychological pain through investigating elements of discomfort. For instance, cognitive mapping helps to create a scenario of what the brain is processing reflected by peoples life. When people interact and affect each other, they work within Social Psychology. For example, if a problem arises in a certain organization, a team works together to get a comprehensive understanding of the problem. Social Psychology studies our attitudes, interpersonal relationships and intergroup interaction. Bandura (2006) explained that there is an obvious connectionShow MoreRelatedSocial Psychology And Multiculturalism1714 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Psychology has become an integrated part of our real life. Psychology affects life under different theories and identifications. For example, social psychology and multiculturalism work together to create the social change people aspire to. However, social psychology, according to Jahoda (2016), cannot explain the link between the social behavior and the social norms of the society and culture. Hence, social psychology could be a challenge when a person tries other cultures. FurthermoreRead MoreWhat I Believe Cultural Competence1344 Words   |  6 Pagesto acknowledge other cultural differences, which intern leaves us to project and compare our perception of ourselves to others. Furthermore, this is why I believe cultural competence in psychology has the knowledge and skills to make a decision in someone else’s cultural context. Cultural competence in psychology has the knowledge and expertise to make a decision in someone else’s cultural context. I’m a future provider of appropriate psychological services, which is why I found these readings entirelyRead MoreMulticultural Competence Of School Psychologists1031 Words   |  5 PagesMulticultural Competence of School Psychologists For more than two decades, school psychology has known about the necessity for, and importance of, developing multicultural competence (Fouad Arrendondo, 2007). 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Lamm Free Essays

Lam discusses the issues in our healthcare. We are starting to see a â€Å"brave new world of healthcare†, one where we need to set new standards and obligations. â€Å"We shall have to balance quality of life with quantity of life, costs and benefits, preventive medicine versus curative medicine†. We will write a custom essay sample on Lamm or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lam believes that there are two major flaws In and an equal number are undesired and second being the high cost of healthcare. He strongly encourages making healthcare more accessible. He repeats ever and over how the largest flaw Is our lack of access. The problem with having everyone able to access healthcare Is that the costs would Increase. We want everyone to have healthcare, but we are not willing to pay for it. He also discusses how we must now look at the needs of the entire population. We need to limit the use of certain resources of one individual in order to have enough for the whole population. I agree with Lam that our healthcare system is changing and we do need to better accommodate our lives in order to make it work. I believe that we should have universal care, but with that like Lam states with his new values â€Å"personal responsibility. With this responsibility one should take responsibility of their bodies. If there were universal healthcare one should eat healthy and exercise daily in order to stay well and keep costs down. Another issue that needs to be addressed is limitations of resources. Resources are limited, they should not just be used for one individual. There is the rest of the population that need those resources as well. How to cite Lamm, Papers

Children of a Lesser God Essay Example For Students

Children of a Lesser God Essay The movie Children of a Lesser God can be best described as a love story that deals with barriers in basic communication. It is a story based on a play about a talented teacher for the deaf named James, who forms an interest in a deaf employee named Sarah, who works for the same school. His job is to help deaf children learn how to speak, so he feels he can help Sarah to do the same. Initially, James runs into problems with her because she doesn t have an interest in learning how to speak and she admits to him that she doesn t know how to read lips. James takes this as a challenge and begins to lure Sarah to him by coincidentally bumping into her from time to time. Once he draws Sarah in by taking her to dinner and communicating with her quite often, they realize that they ve fallen in love. The conflict in the movie is that James unwittingly tries time and time again to get Sarah to speak and learn to read lips and she basically wants him to step into her world of silence. Near the end of the movie we see as James explodes and finally tells her that he s tired of trying to reach out to her all of the time and doesn t understand what s holding her back. Her response is equally explosive as she explains her sentiments about the issue. After some time they experience separated, James and Sarah reunite in the end to resume the love that they share for each other. In the communication context, there are a few characteristics of communication that are dealt with in this movie. The obvious barrier of communication between the deaf and the hearing, relationship conflict, and the use of nonverbal communication, are all aspects in communication that are touched upon in this movie. First, the main subject of the movie obviously is how James a hearing instructor tries to communicate not only with his hearing-impaired students, but the woman that he eventually falls in love with, Sarah. This may not seem like a difficult task considering that James knows sign language, but getting through to Sarah proves to be difficult because she is stubborn and refuses to learn to read lips or to try and learn to speak. A second communication aspect that is evident in the movie is the conflict experienced by Sarah and James who are both in a relationship. Many relationships experience conflicts of many sorts and just because Sarah and James may have a special circumstance in theirs, doesn t make them any less exempt. The conflict they deal with is the fact that they can seem to find a common ground when communicating. James wants Sarah to learn to read lips and to speak like the others, and Sarah feels that James doesn t want to meet her halfway and come into her silent world. Eventually they do compromise and settle their differences. Finally, the third aspect of communication I noticed in the movie was the use of nonverbal communication. Sign language is obviously a way to communicate non-verbally, but I noticed the body movements and facial expressions that the characters used to communicate non-verbally. There was a scene in which Sarah is dancing and can t really hear the music, but continues to fluidly move as if listening to it. The song ends and Sarah continues to move, and to me this shows how she interprets what the song is about through her body movements. Another scene that stood out to me is when both James and Sarah are arguing near the end of the movie. The facial expressions used by Sarah are amazing. Although she can t communicate verbally, the audience knows exactly how she s feeling through her use of facial expressions. They reveal her emotions to a tee. In conclusion, the movie Children of a Lesser God definitely shows many communications aspects discussed in our communication class. The more obvious aspects in my opinion, were the barriers in communication, the relationship conflict, and the uses of non-verbal communication.